The numerous hermits’ habitations in the forest region were like so many towns cities, villages and hamlets (comprising the king’s dominion). The many birds of various colours and the beasts of different varieties constituted his countless subjects. The hares, elephants, lions, tigers, boars, buffaloes and bulls presented a sight which attracted admiration. Shedding their natural animosities they roamed about together like an army complete in all its four limbs. Rills of water flowed and mad elephants trumpeted; their noise resembled the beating of kettledrums of various kinds. cakravŒkas, Cakoras, CŒtakas, parrots and cuckcßos and swans made delightful and merry concert. Swarms of bees hummed and peacocks danced, which showed as it were that there was universal rejoicing in that prosperous kingdom. Creepers, trees and blades of grass alike were blossoming and bore fruit; the entire community thus wore a festive and delightful appearance. (1—4) (contentment), Tapas (religious austerity). SwŒdhyŒya (study and recitation of the Vedas and muttering or the chanting of the Divine Name) and IÜwara-Pra˜idhŒna (self-surrender to and meditation on God). a principality or dominion, a fortress and an army. 562 * ÝR” RMACARITAMNASA*